2. Progressivism? What does ‘Progressive’ mean? Progress and improvement through change Change intentional and rational Represented many different issues
3. Common Beliefs Idea of progress “Natural laws” not enough to create order & stability Gov’t should play a role in intervention Limit & disperse power Social cohesion: the idea that any one person’s welfare depends on the welfare of society as a whole
4. Common Beliefs, cont. Social order: a result of intelligent social organization and rational procedures for guiding social/economic life (Society needs a smart manager.) Environment shapes individual development--Poverty, ignorance & criminality not results of genetic or moral weakness
5. Muckrakers Progressive journalists exposing corruption, waste and inefficiency Targeted trusts, railroads, corrupt city gov’t Ida Tarbell: Standard Oil Upton Sinclair: Meat-packing industry (The Jungle)
6. Social Gospel Movement Idea of “social justice” Protestant Faith as tool for social reform E.g. Salvation Army: material and spiritual care to urban poor Many clergy left parishes to work with troubled cities
7. Settlement Houses Tenements root of social dysfunction Helped immigrant families adapt Staffed by educated middle-class Educated women played major role Began profession of Social Work Hull House started by Jane Addams in Chicago (1889)
11. The New Woman Educated Active in community groups Social opportunities outside the home Suffrage movement Women’s contribution to Progressive movement: “housekeeping” of society Argued for voting rights based on the unique contributions women could offer to politics
12. Rise of Expertise “Taylorism” Frederick Jackson Turner Scientific efficiency Mass production, assembly line New economy needed new skills: accountants, engineers, managers, administrators Newly large cities needed medical, legal & educational services
13. Rise of the Middle Class New Middle Class of educated professionals Essential to any modern industrial economy Fueled Progressive movement
14. Emergence of Professionalism Idea of professionalism rather new 1901: American Medical Association Bar Associations (lawyers) Chambers of Commerce Standards for admission and licensing Limited entry into professions
